{"id":4358,"date":"2017-12-01T10:34:11","date_gmt":"2017-12-01T09:34:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/braun-avocat.com\/la-cour-dappel\/"},"modified":"2023-12-14T17:58:37","modified_gmt":"2023-12-14T16:58:37","slug":"court-of-appeal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/braun-avocat.com\/en\/court-of-appeal\/","title":{"rendered":"Court of appeal"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">What is the court of appeal ?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The <strong>court of appeal<\/strong> is a <strong>court of law of the second degre<\/strong>. It rules on appeals against decisions rendered at first instance.<\/p>\n<p>The court of appeal is composed of <strong>several chambers <\/strong> with a <strong>speciality<\/strong>  (social, commercial, civil, correctional appeals, instruction, etc.). We will focus here <strong>on the appeal in criminal matters<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3><u>Appeals in cases of misdemeanors <em> (article 547 of the Code of Criminal Procedure)<\/em><\/u><em> :<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>When the appeal is lodged against a judgment of the police court, the court of appeal sits as <strong>a single judge<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3><u>Appeal in correctional matters<em>  (new Article 510 of the Code of Criminal Procedure)<\/em><\/u><em> :<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>Prior to the Programming Act 2018-2022 and Reform for Justice of March 23, 2019, when the appeal was filed against a decision of the correctional court, the chamber of correctional appeals consisted of :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>d&#8217;<strong>a chamber president ;<\/strong> ;<\/li>\n<li>and <strong>two counselors<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The law of March 23, 2019,<strong>  modified the composition <\/strong> of the court of appeals by introducing a single-judge appeal when :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the correctional judgment was rendered by a <strong>single judge<\/strong>;<\/li>\n<li>or when the appeal concerns <strong>only the civil provisions of the judgment <\/strong>(i.e., to simplify, the damages awarded to the civil party).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In this case, the court of appeal, composed of<strong>  a single judge,<\/strong> will not be able to impose a <strong> sentence of more than five years&#8217; imprisonment<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Collegiality will be re-established if<strong>  the defendant <\/strong> is in <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/braun-avocat.com\/en\/pre-trial-detention\/\">pre-trial detention <\/a><\/strong> for the acts of which he is accused or if the <strong>appellant <\/strong> <strong>so requests<\/strong>. The court of appeal may itself decide to refer the<strong>  case to a panel<\/strong>  because of the complexity of the facts or if it intends to impose <strong>a sentence exceeding five years&#8217; imprisonment<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3><u>Appeal in criminal matters <em> (articles 240 and following and article 296 of the Code of Criminal Procedure):<\/em><\/u><em> :<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>When an appeal is lodged <strong>against an assize court judgment, <\/strong>, \u00ab &#8220;the first president of the court of appeal shall designate the assize court responsible for ruling on the appeal from among the other assize courts within the jurisdiction of the court of appeal \u00bb, &#8220;, and shall first hear the <strong>observations of the parties<\/strong> and the  <strong>public prosecutor&#8217;s office<\/strong>  (paragraph 1 of Article 380-14 of the Code of Criminal Procedure).<\/p>\n<p>This new <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/braun-avocat.com\/en\/court-of-appeal\/#penal\"> court of assizes <\/a><\/strong>responsible for ruling on appeals will be composed of <strong> three professional magistrates <\/strong> and <strong>nine jurors<\/strong>  (compared to six in the first instance).<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">What does it mean to &#8220;appeal&#8221; a judgment?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The expression <strong>\u00ab  appeal \u00bb<\/strong> refers to the fact <strong>of making an appeal<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>This ordinary remedy allows the litigant to have his or her case retried a second time, in law and in fact, by new judges.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">The effects of the appeal<\/span> :<\/h2>\n<p>In principle, the<strong> appeal suspends the execution of the decision previously <\/strong> rendered (this is the &#8220;suspensive effect&#8221; of the appeal in criminal matters).<\/p>\n<p>As an exception, the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/braun-avocat.com\/en\/correctional-court\/\">correctional court<\/a><\/strong>, ruling in first instance, can attach a <strong>provisional execution<\/strong>, to its <strong>judgment, which nullifies the suspensive effect of the appeal<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Powers of the Court of Appeal<\/span> :<\/h2>\n<p>The <strong>court of appeal<\/strong>  may declare the<strong>  appeal inadmissible or unfounded<\/strong>, <strong>confirm or reverse the judgment appealed<\/strong>. It can <strong>increase or decrease a conviction<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>The court of appeal will re-examine the <strong> entire case <\/strong> by ruling on each of the provisions of the first instance judgment.<\/p>\n<p>The court of appeal may <strong>increase or decrease the sentence imposed <\/strong> on the defendant in the first instance. It may also <strong>reduce or increase the damages <\/strong> awarded to the plaintiff.<\/p>\n<p>The court of appeal is seized of a case that has already been judged.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">How to appeal a judgment \/ How to get to the court of appeal?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The right to an appeal judge is <strong>of public order<\/strong>. This means that it is <strong> impossible to waive this right<\/strong>  (even in advance), and that any failure to comply with the provisions on form or time limits will result  <strong>in nullity<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>To appeal a judgment, a declaration must be made at the <strong>registry of the court <\/strong> that ruled in the first instance, or at the registry of <strong>the penitentiary center <\/strong>when the person is detained.<\/p>\n<p>The declaration of appeal must indicate whether the appeal concerns only <strong>the public action<\/strong>  and\/or the<strong>  civil action<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Who can appeal?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Who has <strong>the right to appeal varies <\/strong> according to the situation and the matter at issue.<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>In contraventional matters<\/u><\/strong>, article 546 of the Code of Penal Procedure determines the situations in which it is possible to appeal and the persons who have the right to appeal :<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-indent: 25px;\"><em>When can a judgment be appealed?<\/em><\/th>\n<th style=\"text-indent: 25px;\"><em>Who can appeal?<\/em><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>when the <strong>fine <\/strong> incurred is that provided for <strong>fifth class offences <\/strong> (= 1 500\u20ac and 3 000\u20ac in case of recidivism);<\/li>\n<li>when the fine is higher than the maximum fine for <strong>second class<\/strong> offences (> 150\u20ac);<\/li>\n<li>when the sentence of suspension of the driving<\/strong>  license for a period <strong>of three years<\/strong>  at most has been pronounced.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>The <strong>accused<\/strong>,<\/li>\n<li>The <strong> person civilly responsible,<\/strong>,<\/li>\n<li>The <strong> public prosecutor,<\/strong>,<\/li>\n<li>The <strong> public prosecutor,<\/strong>,<\/li>\n<li>The <strong>public prosecutor <\/strong> at the police court.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-indent: 25px;\">When<strong>dommages &amp;  damages<\/strong> have been awarded.<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>The <strong>accused<\/strong>,<\/li>\n<li>The <strong> person civilly responsible,<\/strong>,<\/li>\n<li>The <strong>civil party <\/strong> (but the appeal will concern ONLY HIS CIVIL INTERESTS)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-indent: 25px;\">Where <strong>a police judgment <\/strong>has been rendered<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>The <strong>civil party <\/strong> (but the appeal will concern ONLY HIS CIVIL INTERESTS)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><u>Who can appeal a correctional judgment?<\/u><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"> ?<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong><u>In correctional matters, <\/u><\/strong>,  article 497 of the Code of Criminal Procedure provides that the right to appeal belongs to :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The  <strong>accused <\/strong> ;<\/li>\n<li>The <strong> person civilly liable<\/strong> (only for civil interests);<\/li>\n<li>The <strong>civil party <\/strong> (only for civil interests) ;<\/li>\n<li>The  <strong>public prosecutor;<\/strong> ;<\/li>\n<li>The <strong>public administrations<\/strong>  (in cases where they are exercising the public action);<\/li>\n<li>The <strong>public prosecutor<\/strong>  at the court of appeal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The <strong>civil party can never appeal <\/strong> against the criminal provisions of the judgment.<\/p>\n<p>The right to appeal against the civil provisions of the judgment belongs to the accused, the civil party or the person liable.<\/p>\n<p>(For more information on the criminal court, see : <a href=\"https:\/\/braun-avocat.com\/en\/correctional-court\/#penal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/braun-avocat.com\/en\/correctional-court\/#penal<\/a>)<\/p>\n<h3><u>Who can appeal a criminal judgment<\/u><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"> ?<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong><u>In criminal matters<\/u><\/strong>, article 380-2 of the Code of Criminal Procedure specifies that the right to appeal belongs to :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The <strong>accused<\/strong> ;<\/li>\n<li>The <strong>public prosecutor ;<\/strong> ;<\/li>\n<li>The <strong> civil party<\/strong> (only for civil interests)<\/li>\n<li>The <strong>civil party<\/strong> (only in respect of civil interests);<\/li>\n<li><strong>certain public administrations <\/strong> exercising public action (but on incidental appeal by the public prosecutor);<\/li>\n<li>The<strong> public prosecutor (for judgments of acquittal). <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">What is the deadline for appealing a judgment?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The <strong> time limit<\/strong>  for filing an appeal is<strong>  strictly regulated<\/strong>. The person wishing to appeal has <strong><u>10 days <\/u><\/strong> from the day the judgment is handed down to appeal when the judgment is contradictory.<\/p>\n<p>If the judgment was rendered in absentia (i.e. the person being prosecuted was not regularly summoned or did not know of the summons), the time limit will start to run from the date of service<\/strong>.<br \/>\n<span id=\"penal\"><\/span><br \/>\nWhen a party has filed an appeal within the 10-day period, the other parties may also appeal (this appeal is then called a<strong>\u00ab  cross-appeal \u00bb<\/strong>). They have an additional 5 days to do so<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>As an exception, this time limit is reduced to 24 hours <\/strong>when the court rules on a request for release, for the lifting of judicial supervision or for the modification of judicial supervision or electronically monitored house arrest. <\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Criminal defense before the court of appeal:<\/span> :<\/h2>\n<p>In the event that the client wishes to appeal, the <strong>lawyer<\/strong>  takes particular care to<strong>  ensure that the deadlines<\/strong>  and  <strong>conditions for appeal are respected.<\/strong>. He drafts the conclusions, paying particular attention to <strong>the motivation of the first instance<\/strong> and providing real background work on the case, <strong>prepares his client <\/strong>for the hearing, <strong>intervenes<\/strong>  during the hearing by asking questions, and <strong>finally pleads<\/strong>.<br \/>\n<span id=\"victime\"><\/span><br \/>\nThe <strong>lawyer<\/strong> ensures that the <strong>case file is put <\/strong> together by gathering all the documents needed to establish the personal and professional life of his client in order to obtain a reversal of the decision of the first instance (or its confirmation, if the decision of the first instance was satisfactory and the appeal comes from the prosecutor or the civil party).<\/p>\n<p>Present throughout the proceedings, <strong>Ma\u00eetre Alexandre-M. BRAUN<\/strong> assists, advises, prepares and accompanies his client until the hearing at which he will plead in order to <a href=\"https:\/\/braun-avocat.com\/en\/criminal-defense\/\">ensure his defense.<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">The defense of the victims before the court of appeal:<\/span> :<\/h2>\n<p>It should be recalled here that the appeal of the civil party, the victim, can only concern his<strong> civil interests<\/strong>  (that is to say, damages). This means that the victim cannot <strong>appeal against the sentence pronounced <\/strong> against the defendant, even if he or she considers it insufficient.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ma\u00eetre Alexandre-M. BRAUN<\/strong> assists <a href=\"https:\/\/braun-avocat.com\/en\/victims-advocacy\/\"><strong> his clients who are victims of a criminal offense<\/strong><\/a>  by ensuring that their rights are respected. He gathers with his client all of the elements necessary to <strong> demonstrate the truthfulness and extent of the prejudice suffered<\/strong> by the latter. He drafts the <strong> statement of appeal <\/strong>and the  <strong>conclusions<\/strong>  based on the existence of the prejudice in order to expose to the judges of appeal the damage really suffered by his clients and ignored by the first judges.<\/p>\n<p>Given the stakes of the appeal procedure, it seems essential to be advised by <a href=\"\/en\/\">a criminal lawyer <\/a> in order to :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Audit the case and determine whether the appeal has a real chance <strong>chances r\u00e9elles<\/strong>  of succeeding;<\/li>\n<li><strong>file the appeal <\/strong> within the time limit,<\/li>\n<li><strong>follow the procedure <\/strong> to the end;<\/li>\n<li>be recognized as a victim<\/strong>  and obtain <strong>compensation <\/strong>for the damage suffered.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The defendant, the plaintiff and the prosecutor can<strong> appeal a first <\/strong> instance judgment. The case is then referred to the<strong>  Court of Appeal<\/strong>, a court before which it is essential to present a <strong>technical and legal argument<\/strong>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","neve_meta_reading_time":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[79,80],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4358","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-victims-advocacy","category-criminal-defense"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Lawyer Court of appeal &#8226; Criminal lawyer in Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Court of appeal &#8226; Me Alexandre-M. 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BRAUN, Avocat P\u00e9naliste \u00e0 Paris et en Ile-de-France (91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 77, 78) - \u260e 01 71 19 78 71 - D\u00e9fense des victimes et mis en cause.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/braun-avocat.com\/en\/court-of-appeal\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Criminal lawyer in Paris\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-12-01T09:34:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-12-14T16:58:37+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/braun-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Braun-avocat-droit-penal-paris-2.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"692\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Alexandre Braun\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Alexandre Braun\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/braun-avocat.com\\\/en\\\/court-of-appeal\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/braun-avocat.com\\\/en\\\/court-of-appeal\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Alexandre Braun\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/braun-avocat.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/d903129395abfe7a5c88b5cc61a5690b\"},\"headline\":\"Court of appeal\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-12-01T09:34:11+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-12-14T16:58:37+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/braun-avocat.com\\\/en\\\/court-of-appeal\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1542,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/braun-avocat.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"\u00a0Victim advocacy\",\"Criminal defense\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/braun-avocat.com\\\/en\\\/court-of-appeal\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/braun-avocat.com\\\/en\\\/court-of-appeal\\\/\",\"name\":\"Lawyer Court of appeal &#8226; Criminal lawyer in Paris\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/braun-avocat.com\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2017-12-01T09:34:11+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-12-14T16:58:37+00:00\",\"description\":\"Court of appeal &#8226; Me Alexandre-M. 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